ANSI/ASTM D6508-2001 使用毛细管离子电泳和铬酸电解液测定含水基体中不溶非有机阴离子的方法

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【英文标准名称】:Heatingsystemsinbuildings-Inspectionofboilersandheatingsystems;GermanversionEN15378:2007
【原文标准名称】:建筑物供热系统.锅炉和供热系统的检验
【标准号】:DINEN15378-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-07
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:空调系统;分析;建筑物;中央供热;定义;饮用水设备;有效供热表面;能量守恒;能量需求;能量性能;评估;检验(质量保证);热分配;加热装置;热发生;热发生器;加热系统;供热控制;加热工程;加热设备;加热技术;供热水系统;供热水设备;热水中央供热;热水发生器;检验;维修;操作;建筑物服务设施;对流式供暖系统;热环境系统;公用事业设备;水加热
【英文主题词】:Air-conditioningsystems;Analysis;Buildings;Centralheating;Definition;Definitions;Drinkingwaterinstallations;Effectiveheatingsurface;Energyconservations;Energydemands;Energyperformance;Evaluations;Examination(qualityassurance);Heatdistribution;Heatgeneratinginstallations;Heatgeneration;Heatgenerators;Heatedsystems;Heatingcontrol;Heatingengineering;Heatingequipment;Heatinginstallation;Heatinginstallations;Heatingtechnics;Hotwaterheatingsystems;Hotwaterpreparationplants;Hot-watercentralheating;Hot-watergenerators;Inspection;Maintenance;Operation;Serviceinstallationsinbuildings;Space-heatingsystems;Thermalenvironmentsystems;Utilityequipment;Waterheating
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:P46
【国际标准分类号】:91_140_10
【页数】:129P.;A4
【正文语种】:德语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminationofSolarReflectanceNearAmbientTemperatureUsingaPortableSolarReflectometer
【原文标准名称】:使用便携式太阳反射计测定接近室内温度太阳反射比的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1549-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C16.30
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:便携的;反射率;反射计;接近;测定;环境温度
【英文主题词】:portablereflectometer;reflectometer;solarreflectance;solarreflectometer
【摘要】:Thetemperaturesofopaquesurfacesexposedtosolarradiationaregenerallyhigherthantheadjacentairtemperatures.Inthecaseofroofsorwallsenclosingconditionedspaces,increasedinwardheatflowsresult.Inthecaseofequipmentorstoragecontainersexposedtothesun,increasedoperatingtemperaturesusuallyresult.Theextenttowhichsolarradiationaffectssurfacetemperaturesdependsonthesolarreflectanceoftheexposedsurface.Asolarreflectanceof1.0(100%reflected)wouldmeannoeffectonsurfacetemperaturewhileasolarreflectanceof0(nonereflected,allabsorbed)wouldresultinthemaximumeffect.Coatingsofspecificsolarreflectanceareusedtochangethetemperatureofsurfacesexposedtosunlight.Coatingsandsurfacefinishesarecommonlyspecifiedintermsofsolarreflectance.Theinitial(clean)solarreflectancemustbemaintainedduringthelifeofthecoatingorfinishtohavetheexpectedthermalperformance.Thetestmethodprovidesameansforperiodictestingofsurfacesinthefieldorinthelaboratory.Monitorchangesinsolarreflectanceduetoagingandexposure,orboth,withthistestmethod.Thistestmethodisusedtomeasurethesolarreflectanceofaflatopaquesurface.Theprecisionoftheaverageofseveralmeasurementsisusuallygovernedbythevariabilityofreflectancesonthesurfacebeingtested.UsethesolarreflectancethatisdeterminedbythismethodtocalculatethesolarenergyabsorbedbyanopaquesurfaceasshowninEq1.5.4.1Combinetheabsorbedsolarenergywithconductive,convectiveandotherradiativetermstoconstructaheatbalancearoundanelementorcalculateaSolarReflectanceIndexsuchasthatdiscussedinPracticeE1980.1.1Thistestmethodcoversatechniquefordeterminingthesolarreflectanceofflatopaquematerialsinalaboratoryorinthefieldusingacommercialportablesolarreflectometer.Thepurposeofthetestmethodistoprovidesolarreflectancedatarequiredtoevaluatetemperaturesandheatflowsacrosssurfacesexposedtosolarradiation.1.2ThistestmethoddoesnotsupplantTestMethodE903whichmeasuressolarreflectanceoverthewavelengthrange250to2500nmusingintegratingspheres.Theportablesolarreflectometeriscalibratedusingspecimensofknownsolarreflectancetodeterminesolarreflectancefrommeasurementsatfourwavelengthsinthesolarspectrum:380nm,500nm,650nm,and1220nm.ThistechniqueissupportedbycomparisonofreflectometermeasurementswithmeasurementsobtainedusingTestMethodE903.Thistestmethodisapplicabletospecimensofmaterialshavingbothspecularanddiffuseopticalproperties.Itisparticularlysuitedtothemeasurementofthesolarreflectanceofopaquematerials.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesinparenthesisareforinformationonly.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:F12
【国际标准分类号】:27_160
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】: